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The old kingdoms are indicated by blue lettering. The baronies (also showing older territories) are in white.
Surnames, in their commonly used forms, are shown in black. Each name has a long association with the locality shown, during either the medieval period or in more recent times. In some cases different septs using the same surname arose in widely different areas. In other cases migration due to war dispersed them.

In Gaelic times the northern portion of County Roscommon formed part of Ui Briuin Ai and the south Ui Maine, later Hy Many, ruled by the O'Connor Don and the O'Kellys. Ui Briain Ai was the territory of the O'Connor Rua and under them the MacDermotts. The Norman Burkes controlled it from the 13th century.

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